Vaginal discharge is a common occurrence in women, with different types of discharge appearing throughout a menstrual cycle. However, if the discharge is abnormal in color, consistency, and smell, it could be caused by an infection. Some infections could be caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Here are some of the most common causes of abnormal vaginal discharge.
1. Bacterial vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge. It occurs when the balance of good bacteria in the vagina is disrupted, allowing harmful bacteria to overgrow. The cause of bacterial vaginosis is not always clear, but it could be caused by multiple sex partners or douching.
2. Hormonal changes
Vaginal discharge can also vary throughout a menstrual cycle due to hormonal changes. The discharge might be thin and clear during ovulation, milky and creamy during pregnancy, and thicker before a period. Hormonal fluctuations could also lead to yeast infections.
3. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Pelvic inflammatory disease is a bacterial infection of the reproductive organs, which could include the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It is often caused by sexually transmitted infections, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea. Symptoms of PID might include painful intercourse, pelvic pain, and fever.
4. Yeast infection
A yeast infection is a fungal infection that could cause abnormal vaginal discharge, itching, and burning. Yeast infections occur when there is an overgrowth of Candida albicans, a type of fungi that naturally lives in the vagina.
5. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
STDs such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis could cause abnormal vaginal discharge. The discharge might be yellow or green with a foul odor. STDs could also cause painful urination, vaginal bleeding, and genital sores.
6. Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Human papillomavirus is a viral infection that could cause genital warts and abnormal vaginal discharge. HPV is transmitted through sexual contact and could lead to cervical cancer.
In conclusion, if you experience changes in your vaginal discharge, it is essential to seek medical attention. Your healthcare provider could identify the cause of the abnormal discharge and recommend appropriate treatment. Remember, practicing safe sex could also help prevent STDs and other infections.
